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␈↓ α∧␈↓α␈↓ ∧nENDING DEPENDENCE ON AMERICA
␈↓ α∧␈↓My␈α
thesis␈α
is␈αthat␈α
foreign␈α
countries␈αhave␈α
become␈α
dependent␈αon␈α
America␈α
to␈αan␈α
extent␈α
that␈α
is␈αbad
␈↓ α∧␈↓for␈α
us␈α
and␈α
them,␈α
and␈α
that␈α
America␈α
should␈α
end␈α
this␈α
dependence␈α
by␈α
becoming␈α
as␈α
nationalist␈α
as␈α
(say)
␈↓ α∧␈↓France.␈α
Ending␈α
this␈α
dependence␈α
may␈α
be␈α
quite␈αexpensive␈α
-␈α
we␈α
may␈α
lose␈α
a␈α
European␈α
country␈αto␈α
the
␈↓ α∧␈↓Communists, but the alternatives are probably worse.
␈↓ α∧␈↓Ordinarily,␈αanalogies␈αbetween␈αthe␈α
behavior␈αof␈αindividuals␈αand␈α
the␈αbehavior␈αof␈αcountries␈α
are␈αnot
␈↓ α∧␈↓very␈α⊂good,␈α∂but␈α⊂the␈α∂relation␈α⊂between␈α∂our␈α⊂"allies"␈α∂and␈α⊂ourselves␈α∂are␈α⊂very␈α∂like␈α⊂those␈α⊂between␈α∂an
␈↓ α∧␈↓adolescent␈α∪and␈α∪his␈α∪parents.␈α∀ At␈α∪the␈α∪end␈α∪of␈α∪World␈α∀War␈α∪II,␈α∪when␈α∪Europe␈α∪and␈α∀Japan␈α∪were
␈↓ α∧␈↓devastated␈αand␈αthe␈αU.S.␈αwas␈αat␈αthe␈αheight␈αof␈αits␈αprosperity,␈αnational␈αunity,␈αand␈αtechnological␈αlead,
␈↓ α∧␈↓the␈α
U.S.␈α
quite␈α
properly␈α
organized␈α
the␈α
Western␈α
countries,␈α
both␈α
for␈α
their␈α
economic␈α
recovery␈αand␈α
for
␈↓ α∧␈↓the␈α∃common␈α∀defense␈α∃against␈α∀Communist␈α∃expansionism.␈α∀ At␈α∃first,␈α∀the␈α∃alliance␈α∃was␈α∀genuine,
␈↓ α∧␈↓considering␈α
the␈αrelative␈α
strengths␈αof␈α
its␈αmembers,␈α
and␈αthe␈α
allies␈αcontributed␈α
at␈αleast␈α
token␈αforces␈α
in
␈↓ α∧␈↓the Korean war which was the first test of strength with Communism.
␈↓ α∧␈↓By␈α∞the␈α∞time␈α∞of␈α
the␈α∞Vietnam␈α∞war,␈α∞the␈α
alliance␈α∞had␈α∞disintegrated,␈α∞and␈α
the␈α∞major␈α∞allies␈α∞all␈α
found
␈↓ α∧␈↓reasons␈αfor␈αnot␈αhelping␈αdefend␈αSouth␈αVietnam␈αagainst␈αCommunist␈αexpansion.␈α If␈αSouth␈αKorea␈αis
␈↓ α∧␈↓attacked␈α∞again,␈α∞it␈α
is␈α∞entirely␈α∞clear␈α∞that␈α
the␈α∞allies␈α∞will␈α
not␈α∞help␈α∞at␈α∞all,␈α
no␈α∞matter␈α∞how␈α∞blatant␈α
the
␈↓ α∧␈↓aggression;␈αthe␈α
only␈αquestion␈αis␈α
whether␈αthe␈αUnited␈α
States␈αwill␈αlive␈α
up␈αto␈αits␈α
stated␈αcommitments.
␈↓ α∧␈↓The␈α
issue␈α
of␈α∞responsibility␈α
for␈α
the␈α∞disintegration␈α
of␈α
NATO␈α∞is␈α
also␈α
put␈α∞in␈α
terms␈α
of␈α∞whether␈α
the
␈↓ α∧␈↓U.S. will live up to its commitments.
␈↓ α∧␈↓The␈α∞reason␈α∂we␈α∞have␈α∞gotten␈α∂into␈α∞this␈α∞state␈α∂is␈α∞clear.␈α∞ As␈α∂long␈α∞as␈α∞the␈α∂U.S.␈α∞commitment␈α∂was␈α∞open
␈↓ α∧␈↓ended,␈α
one␈α
European␈α
politician␈α
could␈α
always␈α
outflank␈α
another␈α
on␈α
the␈α
left␈α
-␈α
by␈α
promising␈α
to␈α
do␈α
less
␈↓ α∧␈↓for␈α
the␈α
common␈α
defense␈α
and␈α
finding␈α
more␈α
captious␈α
reasons␈α
to␈α
justify␈α
it.␈α
Such␈α
a␈α
policy␈α∞had␈α
the
␈↓ α∧␈↓further␈αadvantage␈αthat␈αit␈αcontributed␈αto␈αthe␈α
prosperity␈αof␈αhis␈αcountry␈αby␈αsaving␈αmoney.␈α
As␈αlong
␈↓ α∧␈↓as␈αAmerica␈α
was␈αfar␈α
richer␈αthan␈αall␈α
European␈αcountries,␈α
it␈αmet␈αthe␈α
further␈αjustification␈α
that␈αeven
␈↓ α∧␈↓with␈α
its␈α
larger␈α
per␈α
capita␈α
percentage␈α∞contribution,␈α
Americans␈α
were␈α
still␈α
better␈α
off␈α∞as␈α
individuals.
␈↓ α∧␈↓The␈α∂fact␈α∂that␈α∂this␈α∂is␈α∂no␈α∂longer␈α∂true␈α∂hasn't␈α∂changed␈α∂the␈α∂relation␈α∂of␈α∂dependency,␈α∂and␈α∂only␈α∞U.S.
␈↓ α∧␈↓rejection␈αof␈αthe␈α
relation␈αwill␈αdo␈α
so.␈α Doing␈αso␈αwill␈α
generate␈αa␈αstorm␈α
of␈αweeping␈αand␈α
wailing␈αsuch
␈↓ α∧␈↓hasn't been seen before, but the Europeans will survive it.
␈↓ α∧␈↓Another␈α⊃factor␈α⊃that␈α⊂encouraged␈α⊃the␈α⊃dependency␈α⊂was␈α⊃the␈α⊃desire␈α⊂to␈α⊃prevent␈α⊃nuclear␈α⊃spread␈α⊂by
␈↓ α∧␈↓having␈αthe␈αU.S.␈αtake␈αthe␈αresponsibility␈αfor␈αthe␈αnuclear␈αdefense␈αof␈αEurope.␈α This␈αwas␈αa␈αgood␈αthing
␈↓ α∧␈↓to␈αtry,␈αbut␈αit␈αcontributed␈αto␈αthe␈αdependency␈αthat␈αled␈αto␈αEuropeans␈αabandoning␈αresponsibilities␈αfor
␈↓ α∧␈↓free␈α∂world␈α∂interests␈α⊂outside␈α∂Europe.␈α∂ If␈α⊂it␈α∂makes␈α∂any␈α⊂difference,␈α∂the␈α∂development␈α⊂of␈α∂European
␈↓ α∧␈↓moral␈α⊂one-upness␈α⊂with␈α∂respect␈α⊂to␈α⊂the␈α∂U.S.␈α⊂is␈α⊂one␈α⊂of␈α∂the␈α⊂main␈α⊂reasons␈α∂why␈α⊂we␈α⊂can␈α⊂no␈α∂longer
␈↓ α∧␈↓defend␈α
them.␈α
Perhaps␈α
they␈α
can␈α
develop␈α
some␈α
kind␈α
of␈α
joint␈α
deterrent,␈α
but␈α
we␈α
must␈α
retire␈α
to␈α
the
␈↓ α∧␈↓role␈α
we␈αhad␈α
at␈α
the␈αbeginning␈α
of␈α
World␈αWar␈α
II␈α
-␈αa␈α
distant␈α
potential␈αally␈α
that␈α
may␈αstep␈α
in␈α
if␈αthe
␈↓ α∧␈↓situation gets sufficiently desperate after the Europeans have already done their best.
␈↓ α∧␈↓This␈α
dependency␈αrelation␈α
encouraged␈αthe␈α
criticism␈αof␈α
the␈αU.S.␈α
that␈αhelped␈α
lead␈αto␈α
the␈αU.S.␈α
losing
␈↓ α∧␈↓confidence␈α∃that␈α⊗it␈α∃was␈α∃fighting␈α⊗tyranny␈α∃rather␈α⊗than␈α∃supporting␈α∃it␈α⊗and␈α∃to␈α⊗the␈α∃consequent
␈↓ α∧␈↓abandonment␈αof␈αthe␈αVietnamese␈αafter␈αthey␈αhad␈αfinally␈αreached␈αthe␈αpoint␈αof␈αdefending␈αthemselves
␈↓ α∧␈↓with␈α⊗U.S.␈α∃ material␈α⊗support.␈α∃ (Of␈α⊗course,␈α∃the␈α⊗Vietnamese␈α∃reached␈α⊗the␈α∃point␈α⊗of␈α∃defending
␈↓ α∧␈↓themselves␈α∞only␈α
when␈α∞it␈α
became␈α∞clear␈α
that␈α∞the␈α
U.S.␈α∞ground␈α
troops␈α∞were␈α
going␈α∞to␈α∞be␈α
withdrawn,
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ ε|1␈↓ ∧
␈↓ α∧␈↓and␈αdidn't␈αgive␈αup␈αuntil␈αit␈αbecame␈αclear␈αthat␈αthe␈αU.S.␈α Congress␈αwas␈αdetermined␈αthat␈αthey␈αshould
␈↓ α∧␈↓lose␈α∞and␈α∞would␈α∞do␈α∞whatever␈α
was␈α∞necessary␈α∞to␈α∞insure␈α∞that␈α
result.␈α∞ The␈α∞U.S.␈α∞will␈α∞only␈α∞recover␈α
its
␈↓ α∧␈↓morale␈αfully␈α
when␈αit␈α
becomes␈αaccepted␈α
that␈αwe␈α
did␈αwrong␈α
in␈αabandoning␈α
the␈αVietnamese,␈αbut␈α
that
␈↓ α∧␈↓may␈αtake␈α
until␈αpeople␈αwho␈α
had␈αa␈α
hand␈αin␈αthe␈α
disaster␈αno␈αlonger␈α
dominate␈αpolicy).␈α
Actually,␈αthe
␈↓ α∧␈↓Nixon␈αpolicy␈αvery␈αnearly␈αsaved␈αSouth␈αVietnam␈αand␈αmight␈αhave␈αsucceeded␈αif␈αhe␈αhadn't␈α
convinced
␈↓ α∧␈↓himself that unconstitutional methods were justified in fighting off his attackers.
␈↓ α∧␈↓The␈α
basic␈α
fact␈α
about␈α
dependency␈αis␈α
that␈α
as␈α
long␈α
as␈α
one␈αcan␈α
count␈α
on␈α
someone␈α
else␈α
to␈αprovide␈α
some
␈↓ α∧␈↓kind␈α∩of␈α∩help␈α∩free␈α∩of␈α∩charge,␈α∩one␈α∪does␈α∩so.␈α∩ Parents␈α∩often␈α∩have␈α∩to␈α∩force␈α∩children␈α∪to␈α∩support
␈↓ α∧␈↓themselves,␈α⊂even␈α⊂though␈α⊂our␈α⊃culture␈α⊂indoctrinates␈α⊂them␈α⊂into␈α⊃expecting␈α⊂to␈α⊂do␈α⊂so.␈α⊃ The␈α⊂United
␈↓ α∧␈↓States␈αcan␈αclaim␈αno␈αspecial␈αvirtue␈αin␈αthe␈αmatter;␈αwhenever␈αa␈αgroup␈αin␈αour␈αpopulation␈α-␈αwhether␈α
it
␈↓ α∧␈↓be␈α
the␈αairlines,␈α
the␈α
oil␈αdrillers,␈α
people␈α
on␈αwelfare,␈α
or␈α
professors␈α-␈α
has␈α
succeeded␈αin␈α
grabbing␈αonto␈α
a
␈↓ α∧␈↓teat␈α
of␈α
the␈α
sow,␈α
it␈α
hangs␈α
on␈α
for␈α
dear␈αlife.␈α
If␈α
Martians␈α
came␈α
down␈α
in␈α
flying␈α
saucers␈α
and␈αoffered
␈↓ α∧␈↓first␈α
to␈α
make␈α
up␈α
New␈αYork␈α
City's␈α
deficit␈α
and␈α
later␈α
the␈αnational␈α
deficit,␈α
the␈α
offer␈α
would␈αbe␈α
accepted
␈↓ α∧␈↓and␈α∂our␈α∂dependence␈α∞on␈α∂them␈α∂would␈α∞come␈α∂to␈α∂be␈α∂taken␈α∞as␈α∂matter␈α∂of␈α∞right,␈α∂and␈α∂we␈α∂wouldn't␈α∞be
␈↓ α∧␈↓grateful.
␈↓ α∧␈↓The␈αrelation␈αof␈αthe␈α
underdeveloped␈αcountries␈αto␈αthe␈αdeveloped␈α
ones,␈αand␈αto␈αthe␈αUnited␈α
States␈αin
␈↓ α∧␈↓particular,␈α
has␈α
been␈α
similar.␈α
A␈α
reaction␈α
to␈α
this␈α
dependence␈α
has␈α
eventually␈α∞developed.␈α
Consider
␈↓ α∧␈↓that␈α
India␈α
eventually␈α
became␈α
hostile␈α
to␈α
the␈α
United␈α
States.␈α
Consider␈α
that␈α
having␈α
become␈αhostile,
␈↓ α∧␈↓they␈αare␈α
now␈αbeginning␈α
to␈αimplement␈αcompulsory␈α
birth␈αcontrol␈α
-␈αsomething␈α
that␈αcould␈αnever␈α
have
␈↓ α∧␈↓been␈αimplemented␈α
as␈αlong␈α
as␈αwe␈α
were␈αconsidered␈αtheir␈α
friends.␈α Of␈α
course,␈αtheir␈α
independence␈αis
␈↓ α∧␈↓not␈α∂accompanied␈α∂by␈α∂good␈α∂will␈α∂towards␈α∂the␈α⊂United␈α∂States;␈α∂they␈α∂had␈α∂to␈α∂tell␈α∂themselves␈α⊂that␈α∂our
␈↓ α∧␈↓previous␈αaid␈αwas␈αbadly␈α
motivated,␈αand␈αnaturally␈αit␈α
made␈αmost␈αof␈αus␈α
mad.␈α It␈αis␈αour␈α
interest,␈αand
␈↓ α∧␈↓probably␈α
in␈α
theirs,␈α
that␈α
we␈α
stay␈α
mad␈α
at␈α
them␈α
and␈α
certainly␈α
that␈α
they␈α
stay␈α
mad␈α
at␈α∞us.␈α
Certainly,
␈↓ α∧␈↓anything␈α⊗that␈α↔allows␈α⊗politicians␈α⊗in␈α↔underdeveloped␈α⊗countries␈α⊗to␈α↔kid␈α⊗themselves␈α↔and␈α⊗their
␈↓ α∧␈↓constituents␈αinto␈α
believing␈αthat␈αthe␈α
developed␈αcountries␈α
can␈αbe␈αpressured␈α
either␈αby␈α
moralizing␈αor
␈↓ α∧␈↓militarism␈α∀into␈α∃further␈α∀handouts␈α∃will␈α∀only␈α∀delay␈α∃their␈α∀seriously␈α∃undertaking␈α∀to␈α∃solve␈α∀their
␈↓ α∧␈↓problems.␈α∞ Nor␈α∂can␈α∞we␈α∂solve␈α∞their␈α∂problems␈α∞with␈α∞any␈α∂plausible␈α∞amount␈α∂of␈α∞aid.␈α∂ All␈α∞experience
␈↓ α∧␈↓shows␈α
that␈αwhen␈α
a␈αcountry␈α
without␈α
pre-existing␈αstandards␈α
of␈αperformance␈α
receives␈αlarge-scale␈α
aid,
␈↓ α∧␈↓every␈α∩bureaucrat␈α∩finds␈α⊃that␈α∩getting␈α∩his␈α∩one␈α⊃of␈α∩his␈α∩cousins␈α⊃safely␈α∩into␈α∩the␈α∩bureaucracy␈α⊃takes
␈↓ α∧␈↓precedence␈α∂over␈α∂any␈α∂nonsense␈α∂that␈α∂some␈α∂rich␈α∂and␈α∂foolish␈α∂foreigner␈α∂is␈α∂trying␈α∂to␈α∂put␈α∂over␈α∂-␈α∂no
␈↓ α∧␈↓doubt for some imperialist reason.
␈↓ α∧␈↓The␈α⊗best␈α⊗solution␈α⊗is␈α↔for␈α⊗the␈α⊗U.S.␈α⊗to␈α⊗adopt␈α↔a␈α⊗technology-only␈α⊗policy␈α⊗towards␈α↔aiding␈α⊗the
␈↓ α∧␈↓underdeveloped␈α
world␈α
except␈α∞when␈α
there␈α
is␈α∞an␈α
utter␈α
disaster.␈α
We␈α∞should␈α
help␈α
an␈α∞utter␈α
disaster
␈↓ α∧␈↓only␈αthrough␈αa␈α
mechanism␈αin␈αwhich␈αthe␈α
country␈αdeclares␈αitself␈αadministratively␈α
bankrupt.␈α Then
␈↓ α∧␈↓we␈αtake␈αnot␈α
only␈αthe␈α␈↓↓responsibility␈↓␈α
for␈αrelieving␈αthe␈αsituation␈α
but␈αalso␈αfull␈α
␈↓↓governmental␈↓␈α␈↓↓authority␈↓
␈↓ α∧␈↓for␈α∞the␈α∞duration␈α∞of␈α∂the␈α∞crisis.␈α∞ In␈α∞other␈α∞words,␈α∂the␈α∞country␈α∞temporarily␈α∞becomes␈α∞a␈α∂colony.␈α∞ The
␈↓ α∧␈↓only␈αcase␈αin␈αwhich␈αwe␈αshould␈αaid␈αa␈α
country␈αwithout␈αthis␈αcondition,␈αis␈αwhen␈αwe␈αare␈αconvinced␈α
that
␈↓ α∧␈↓the␈α∀country␈α∪is␈α∀managing␈α∪its␈α∀affairs␈α∪almost␈α∀as␈α∪well␈α∀as␈α∪they␈α∀can␈α∪be␈α∀managed.␈α∀ Under␈α∪these
␈↓ α∧␈↓conditions, it will take a real disaster before we will be called in.
␈↓ α∧␈↓The␈αU.S.␈αshould␈αdemand␈α
that␈αthe␈αNATO␈αtreaty␈α
be␈αrenegotiated␈αas␈αa␈α
condition␈αfor␈αour␈αstaying␈α
in.
␈↓ α∧␈↓Specifically,␈α∩there␈α⊃have␈α∩been␈α∩40,000␈α⊃American␈α∩soldiers␈α∩in␈α⊃Korea␈α∩for␈α∩25␈α⊃years.␈α∩ Let␈α∩them␈α⊃be
␈↓ α∧␈↓replaced␈α⊂by␈α⊃40,000␈α⊂German␈α⊂soldiers␈α⊃for␈α⊂the␈α⊂next␈α⊃25␈α⊂years␈α⊂with␈α⊃the␈α⊂Europeans␈α⊃providing␈α⊂the
␈↓ α∧␈↓complete␈α⊂logistical␈α∂support␈α⊂for␈α∂them.␈α⊂ No␈α⊂doubt␈α∂the␈α⊂our␈α∂allies␈α⊂will␈α∂reject␈α⊂this␈α⊂absurd␈α∂proposal
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ ε|2␈↓ ∧
␈↓ α∧␈↓indignantly,␈α∞telling␈α∞us␈α∞that␈α∞they␈α∞don't␈α∞care␈α
about␈α∞Asia␈α∞anyway,␈α∞and,␈α∞besided,␈α∞the␈α∞South␈α
Korean
␈↓ α∧␈↓government␈α∞isn't␈α∂pure␈α∞enough␈α∞for␈α∂them.␈α∞ Our␈α∂reply␈α∞should␈α∞be␈α∂to␈α∞the␈α∞effect␈α∂that␈α∞then␈α∂they␈α∞can
␈↓ α∧␈↓handle␈α
the␈α∞next␈α
Berlin␈α∞crisis␈α
themselves.␈α∞ I␈α
don't␈α
know␈α∞whether␈α
that␈α∞would␈α
bring␈α∞them␈α
around,
␈↓ α∧␈↓but␈α
if␈α
they␈α
lost␈α
Berlin,␈αthey␈α
would␈α
be␈α
ready␈α
for␈αa␈α
genuine␈α
alliance␈α
thereafter.␈α
They␈α
should␈αalso
␈↓ α∧␈↓commit themselves to defend the existence of Israel.
␈↓ α∧␈↓Besides␈αthe␈α
danger␈αof␈α
losing␈αBerlin,␈αwhich␈α
is␈αmore␈α
a␈αdanger␈α
to␈αthe␈αGermans␈α
than␈αit␈α
is␈αto␈αus,␈α
there
␈↓ α∧␈↓is␈α∪the␈α∪additional␈α∩danger␈α∪that␈α∪the␈α∪Germans␈α∩will␈α∪be␈α∪motivated␈α∩to␈α∪acquire␈α∪their␈α∪own␈α∩nuclear
␈↓ α∧␈↓weapons.␈α
Unfortunately,␈α
this␈αdanger␈α
must␈α
be␈α
accepted␈α-␈α
not␈α
only␈α
with␈αregard␈α
to␈α
the␈αGermans,␈α
but
␈↓ α∧␈↓with␈α∂regard␈α∂to␈α∂many␈α∂other␈α∂nations␈α⊂as␈α∂well.␈α∂ When␈α∂the␈α∂policeman␈α∂quits,␈α∂everyone␈α⊂must␈α∂defend
␈↓ α∧␈↓himself as best he can, and when the policeman is no longer supported, he will quit.
␈↓ α∧␈↓The␈αcountries␈αwith␈α
the␈αmost␈αobvious␈αneed␈α
for␈αtheir␈αown␈αnuclear␈α
weapons␈αare␈αIsrael,␈αSouth␈α
Korea,
␈↓ α∧␈↓Taiwan,␈α∞and␈α∞South␈α∂Africa.␈α∞ Each␈α∞of␈α∂them␈α∞is␈α∞in␈α∞a␈α∂position␈α∞where␈α∞its␈α∂survival␈α∞is␈α∞quite␈α∂likely␈α∞to
␈↓ α∧␈↓depend␈α
on␈α∞its␈α
posession␈α
of␈α∞nuclear␈α
weapons.␈α∞ In␈α
the␈α
case␈α∞of␈α
Israel,␈α
this␈α∞has␈α
already␈α∞affected␈α
the
␈↓ α∧␈↓policies␈α
of␈α
its␈α
neighbors.␈α
It␈α
seems␈α
clear␈α
that␈α
Egypt␈α
has␈α
concluded␈α
that␈α
there␈α
is␈α
no␈α
real␈α
policy␈α
of
␈↓ α∧␈↓eliminating␈αIsrael␈αwithout␈αself-destruction.␈α The␈α
other␈αArab␈αstates␈αprobably␈αalso␈α
understand␈αthis,
␈↓ α∧␈↓but␈αgroups␈α
within␈αthese␈αcountries␈α
still␈αhave␈αmuch␈α
to␈αgain␈αby␈α
pretending␈αotherwise.␈α The␈α
posession
␈↓ α∧␈↓of␈α∂nuclear␈α∂weapons␈α∞by␈α∂these␈α∂countries␈α∞represents␈α∂a␈α∂danger␈α∞to␈α∂the␈α∂United␈α∞States,␈α∂so␈α∂we␈α∂are␈α∞not
␈↓ α∧␈↓motivated␈α
to␈αhelp␈α
them␈α
acquire␈αthem,␈α
but␈αour␈α
politics␈α
now␈αprevents␈α
the␈α
kind␈αof␈α
guarantee␈αof␈α
their
␈↓ α∧␈↓security␈α⊂that␈α⊂would␈α⊂obviate␈α⊂the␈α⊂need.␈α⊂ The␈α⊂situation␈α⊂will␈α⊂become␈α⊂acute␈α⊂after␈α⊂the␈α⊂nominations,
␈↓ α∧␈↓when␈α∀it␈α∪will␈α∀become␈α∀clear␈α∪whether␈α∀the␈α∪Democratic␈α∀candidate␈α∀will␈α∪agree␈α∀to␈α∀continue␈α∪Ford's
␈↓ α∧␈↓guarantees␈αto␈αSouth␈αKorea.␈α If␈αnot,␈αthe␈αSouth␈αKoreans␈αwill␈αbe␈αwell␈αadvised␈αask␈αthe␈αU.S.␈αto␈αleave
␈↓ α∧␈↓and go all out for their own deterrent.
␈↓ α∧␈↓If␈αSouth␈αKorea␈αor␈αIsrael␈αis␈αforced␈αto␈αuse␈αor␈αeven␈αbrandish␈αnuclear␈αweapons␈αin␈αorder␈αto␈αsurvive,␈αa
␈↓ α∧␈↓qualitatively␈α∞new␈α
stage␈α∞in␈α
proliferation␈α∞will␈α
be␈α∞reached.␈α
Except␈α∞for␈α
the␈α∞first␈α
atomic␈α∞bombs␈α
that
␈↓ α∧␈↓ended␈α
World␈α
War␈α
II␈α
and␈α
the␈α
first␈α
Soviet␈α
bombs␈α
that␈α
ended␈α
the␈α
American␈α
monopoly,␈αthe␈α
posession
␈↓ α∧␈↓of␈α⊂nuclear␈α⊂weapons␈α⊂has␈α⊂only␈α⊂brought␈α⊂minor␈α⊂prestige␈α⊂to␈α⊂the␈α⊂posessor␈α⊂and␈α⊂some␈α⊂criticism␈α⊂from
␈↓ α∧␈↓public␈α∂opinion␈α⊂in␈α∂other␈α⊂countries.␈α∂ As␈α⊂soon␈α∂as␈α∂the␈α⊂first␈α∂country␈α⊂preserves␈α∂its␈α⊂independence␈α∂by
␈↓ α∧␈↓flourishing␈αnuclear␈αweapons,␈αthe␈αurge␈αto␈αposess␈αthem␈αwill␈αbecome␈αmuch␈αharder␈αto␈αresist.␈α Imagine
␈↓ α∧␈↓the␈α
effect␈α
on␈α
public␈α
opinion␈α
in␈α
Japan␈αif␈α
the␈α
despised␈α
South␈α
Koreans␈α
have␈α
their␈α
own␈αdeterrent␈α
and
␈↓ α∧␈↓it proves to deter.
␈↓ α∧␈↓In␈α
Europe,␈α
there␈α
is␈α
a␈α
faint␈α
hope␈α
that␈α
nuclear␈α
proliferation␈α
might␈α
be␈α
avoided␈α
by␈α
threatening␈α
the
␈↓ α∧␈↓Russians␈α∪that␈α∪proliferation␈α∪is␈α∪the␈α∀alternative␈α∪to␈α∪a␈α∪genuine␈α∪arms␈α∪limitation␈α∀agreement.␈α∪ The
␈↓ α∧␈↓Russians␈α∂have␈α∞a␈α∂certain␈α∞sentimental␈α∂objection␈α∞to␈α∂West␈α∞German␈α∂nuclear␈α∞weapons␈α∂and␈α∂might␈α∞be
␈↓ α∧␈↓willing␈α
to␈α
pay␈α
a␈α
reasonably␈αhigh␈α
price␈α
to␈α
avoid␈α
it.␈α
If␈αEurope␈α
would␈α
agree␈α
to␈α
a␈α
genuine␈αalliance
␈↓ α∧␈↓accepting␈α∂world-wide␈α∂responsibilities,␈α∂then␈α∞proliferation␈α∂might␈α∂be␈α∂avoided␈α∞for␈α∂a␈α∂long␈α∂time.␈α∞ As
␈↓ α∧␈↓things are going now, the Communists will push until someone deters them.
␈↓ α∧␈↓The␈α∀course␈α∀I␈α∀have␈α∀advocated␈α∀is␈α∃dangerous,␈α∀as␈α∀every␈α∀departure␈α∀from␈α∀established␈α∃trends␈α∀is
␈↓ α∧␈↓dangerous.␈α∩ However,␈α∩the␈α∩Kissinger␈α∩policy␈α∩of␈α∩bluff␈α∩towards␈α∩the␈α∩Russians␈α∩coupled␈α∩with␈α∩false
␈↓ α∧␈↓assurances␈α∞to␈α∞the␈α∞Europeans␈α∞of␈α∞a␈α∞unilateral␈α
American␈α∞commitment␈α∞is␈α∞a␈α∞sure␈α∞recipe␈α∞for␈α
disaster.
␈↓ α∧␈↓The␈αbluff␈αconcerning␈αa␈αreaction␈αto␈αfurther␈αCuban␈αadventures␈αin␈αAfrica␈αhas␈αa␈αhigh␈αprobability␈αof
␈↓ α∧␈↓being called very soon.
␈↓ α∧␈↓John Mcarthy
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ ε|3␈↓ ∧
␈↓ α∧␈↓Stanford, California
␈↓ α∧␈↓This note is filed as DEPEND[W76,JMC].
␈↓ α∧␈↓August 18, 1976
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ ε|4␈↓ ∧